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班固

2025-04-03T02:11:46Z

MJ: Created page with "Bān Gù 班固 Pan Ku, 32-92, noted historian and author of the Hànshū 《汉书》 (Book of the Han Dynasty) Hetucakra-ḍamaru.【5Q】(can be deleted, not found in texts)"

Bān Gù 班固 Pan Ku, 32-92, noted historian and author of the Hànshū 《汉书》 (Book of the Han Dynasty) Hetucakra-ḍamaru.【5Q】(can be deleted, not found in texts)

悖

2025-04-03T02:10:39Z

MJ: Created page with "bèi 悖/誖 ‘contradiction’ bèi 悖 (self-contradictory/perverse), contrary to accepted practice; in logical contexts it can have the more specific meaning of self-contradictory, also written as 悖 outside the Mojing. 【5Q】"

bèi 悖/誖 ‘contradiction’
bèi 悖 (self-contradictory/perverse), contrary to accepted practice; in logical contexts it can have the more specific meaning of self-contradictory, also written as 悖 outside the Mojing. 【5Q】

百家争鸣

2025-04-03T02:09:01Z

MJ: Created page with "bǎi jiā zhēng míng 百家爭鳴 ‘contention of a hundred schools’, a phrase commonly used to describe the flourishing of intellectual and philosophical activity during the pre-imperial period, evoking dynamic debate among a diverse range of scholars, the bǎi jiā ‘hundred schools’. The phrase itself is modern, first widely used during the 1950s as part of areinterpretation of classical era as one of ideological contention that catalysed the development of ea..."

bǎi jiā zhēng míng 百家爭鳴 ‘contention of a hundred schools’, a phrase commonly used to describe the flourishing of intellectual and philosophical activity during the pre-imperial period, evoking dynamic debate among a diverse range of scholars, the bǎi jiā ‘hundred schools’. The phrase itself is modern, first widely used during the 1950s as part of areinterpretation of classical era as one of ideological contention that catalysed the development of early Chinese thought, including biàn ‘debate’. Drawing on Marxist historical materialism, some scholars emphasise bǎi jiā zhēng míng as the natural result of socio-economic changes during the decline of the feudal Zhou dynasty. The rise of private ownership, the emergence of competing social classes, and the decentralisation of political power created fertile ground for intellectual debate. These ‘contentions’ served not only to explore theoretical questions but also as a reflection of class struggles and practical attempts to address urgent social and political challenges of the time. (See Yáng XXX, Dong XXX.) Cf. zhū zǐ bǎi jiā 諸子百家 ‘masters of the hundred schools’.【Jeremy】bǎi jiā zhēng míng 百家爭鳴。百家争鸣是指中国春秋战国(公元前770～公元前 221 年) 时期，知识分子中不同学派的涌现及各流派争芳斗艳的局面。“百家争鸣”反映了当时社会激烈和复杂的政治斗争，主要是新兴地主阶级和没落奴隶主之间的阶级斗争。这个时期的文化思想，奠定了中国整个封建时代文化的基础，对中国古代文化有着非常深刻的影响。【YWJ】

百家

2025-04-03T02:07:21Z

MJ: Created page with "bǎijiā 百家 ‘hundred schools’ bǎijiā 百家 ‘Hundred Schools’, flourishing of intellectual thought in the pre-Qín period, somewhat inaccurately portrayed as distinct “schools” by Hàn dynasty scholars and thereafter. 【5Q】 bǎijiā 百家 ‘hundred schools’, referring to the diverse schools of thought that flourished during the pre-imperial period, including Confucianism, Mohism, Daoism, Legalism, and others. The schools were only clearly taxonom..."

bǎijiā 百家 ‘hundred schools’
bǎijiā 百家 ‘Hundred Schools’, flourishing of intellectual thought in the pre-Qín period, somewhat inaccurately portrayed as distinct “schools” by Hàn dynasty scholars and thereafter. 【5Q】
bǎijiā 百家 ‘hundred schools’, referring to the diverse schools of thought that flourished during the pre-imperial period, including Confucianism, Mohism, Daoism, Legalism, and others. The schools were only clearly taxonomised in the Hàn dynasty in such works as the Shǐjì ‘record of history’ and Hànshū ‘book of the Hàn’, and their historical reality has been rejected by later scholars. Yet the labels have stuck, and with them the view that the míng jiā ‘school of names’ and the mò jiā ‘Mohists’ played a defining role in the early history of logical thought in China. C.f. bǎi jiā zhēng míng ‘contention of a hundred schools’. 【Jeremy】